Important Indian Freedom Struggle Movements Notes
Here are some important Indian Freedom Struggle Movements that took place during the time of Mahatma Gandhi. It was Mahatma Gandhi’s participation that helped India to get out of the shackles of British India.
After returning to India in 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Bapu) traveled to various parts of India. Gandhiji worked towards removing the evil practices from the Indian society and unite the Indians against the British.
These basic notes on the following important events of the modern Indian History will help you guide in the SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, Banking, IBPS, and all government and other types of competitive Exams.
Rowlatt Act of 1919
- This law was passed by the British government in the year 1919.
- The British government got the power to arrest people and keep them in prison without any trial if anyone found suspected of terrorism.
- This act suppressed the liberty of people as they were not allowed to express their views.
- The Indians revolted in protest against this act and a nationwide protest was raised by calling ‘Hartal’ (suspension of all work).
- The agitations by the people reached the pinnacle in Amritsar.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- On 13th April 1919 in Amritsar, thousands of people got together for a meeting.
- It was held in a peacefully.
- Jallianwala Bagh was an enclosed place that was surrounded by high walls around it and had one narrow entrance on one side and 3 and 4 openings on the other.
- General Dyer and his troops appeared at the main entrance and started firing on the crowd.
- This cold-blooded massacre killed thousands of innocent men, women, and children.
- The marks of bullets can be seen even today at the Jallianwala Bagh.
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Non-Cooperation Movement
- The treatment given to the Caliph and the atrocious massacre of Jallianwala Bagh strengthened the unity of Hindus and Muslims.
- Gandhiji decided to launch the Non- Cooperation movement, a nationwide campaign, with the Khilafat and many other leaders.
- The movement was withdrawn when an angry mob attacked and burnt a police station at Chauri Chaura, a village in Uttar Pradesh.
- 22 Policemen were killed in this incident.
Under the Non-Cooperation Movement, people of India decided to-
- Surrender the titles and honors conferred by the British.
- Boycott elections and government functions.
- Adopt Swedishi goods and boycott foreign goods.
- Boycott government schools, colleges, and courts.
Chauri Chaura Incident
- It took place on February 5, 1922.
- It was a result of violent clashes between a group of an agitating group, taking part in the Non-Cooperation Movement, and the local police.
- The British Police opened fire at the mob and as a result, the angry mob set the police station on fire and killing 22 policemen.
- After this, the Non-Cooperation Movement was called off.
- This decision taken by Mahatma Gandhi gave birth to a new group of revolutionaries, like Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, Rajguru and many more.
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Simon Commission
- This commission was appointed to review the law and order of the country.
- The law and order were getting out of control and to bring about new reforms.
- It was a group of people led by a British politician Sir John Simon.
- The Indians were against this Commission because not even a single Indian was made a member of it.
- The commission came to India in 1929, and they were greeted with the slogan “Simon Go Back.”
Civil Disobedience Movement
- This movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1930 with the Dandi March.
- This movement was about disobeying the British laws.
- Foreign clothes were burnt, government schools and colleges were boycotted, and cotton was spun using the Charkha on a large scale.
- Peasants refused to pay taxes.
- This movement made the British administration standstill in many places.
- This movement came to an end in 1934.
The Dandi March
- This movement was a protest against the tax imposed by the British on the making of salt.
- In May 1930 Mr. Gandhi marched with his trusted 78 followers to Dandi (now in Gujarat) to protest against the tax.
- It was a 26 days march from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930.
- Gandhiji started the march from his base Sabarmati Asharam to Dandi.
Quit India Movement
- Indians were now demanding complete Independence.
- The Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on 8 August 1942.
- It is also called the India August Movement.
- This movement was launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee.
- Gandhiji’s message to the people was “Do or Die” which meant either we win freedom or die for the same.
- Many revolutionaries participated in the movement.
- Many political groups like the Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha, RSS, Communist Party of India and the Princely States, active during the Indian War of Independence opposed the Quit India Movement for different reasons.
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These are some Indian Freedom Struggle Movements that helped us to free from the British Rule. These Indian Freedom Struggle Movements often become very hot topics for exams like UPSC, SSC, BPSC and important State exams.
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