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Indus Valley Civilization Notes
What is Indus Valley Civilization and its Features?
- It was a highly developed civilization and derived its name from the main river of that region- River Indus.
- Harappa name is derived as follows-
HA – Haryumpia – The term is used in Rig Veda for Harappa.
RA – Ravi River
P – Punjab
PA – Pakistan
- This Harappa culture belongs to the Bronze Age.
- The people were not aware of Iron.
- The script was boustrophedon, written from right to left in one line and then from left to right in the next line.
- The script is not alphabetical but was pictographic.
- The pottery used by them was Red and Black.
- No temples are found in this civilization, but people worshipped Proto-Siva, Mother goddess, Ling, Yuni, and trees, etc.
- Most Eastern Site of this Civilization was – Alamgirpur (Western Uttar Pradesh)
- Most Western Site of Indus Valley– Sut Kandor
- Most Northern Site of Indus Valley- Manda (J&K)
- Most Southern Site of Indus Valley- Daimabad (Maharashtra)
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This civilization is known with these three names-
- Indus Civilization
- Indus Valley Civilization
- Harappa Civilization
- More than 1000 sites were found of this Civilization.
- Harappa was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921.
- Mohenjodaro (one of the major sites, near river Indus in Sindh) was discovered by R. D. Banerjee in 1922.
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Major Indus Valley Sites
| MAJOR SITES | RIVER | PLACE |
| Harappa | Ravi | Punjab |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Indus | Sindh |
| Lothal | Bhogawa | Gujarat |
| Alamgirpur | Hindon | Western UP |
| Sut Kangedor | Dashka | Makran Coast |
| Daimabad | Paravara River | Maharashtra |
| Manda | Chenab | J&K |
| Kalibangam | Ghaggar | Rajasthan |
| Dholavira | Luni or Runn of Kacchh | Gujarat |
| Banawali | Saraswati | Haryana |
| Chanhu-Daro | Indus | Sindh |
Decline Theory of Indus Valley Civilization
How did Indus Valley Civilization declined?
- Aryan Invasion- Given by Wheeler (Not Accepted)
- Change in River Course- Given by Dales (Not Accepted)
- Flood- Given by Mackey (Not Accepted)
- Ecological Disturbance –Given by Fair Service (Accepted theory)
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