Hello Aspirants, here we are providing History Notes on Indus Valley Civilization. These notes will help you with both SSC CGL Tier I and Tier II, UPSC, Banking, IBPS, and other competitive exams.
Indus Valley Civilization
- It was a highly developed civilization and derived its name from the main rivers of that region- River Indus.
- Harappa name is derived as follows-
HA – Haryumpia – The term is used in Rig Veda for Harappa.
RA – Ravi River
P – Punjab
PA – Pakistan
- This Harappa culture belongs to the Bronze Age.
- The people were not aware of Iron.
- The script was boustrophedon, written from right to left in one line and then from left to right in the next line.
- The script is not alphabetical but was pictographic.
- Their pottery was Red and Black.
- No temples are found in this civilization, But people worshipped Proto-Siva, Mother goddess, Ling, Yuni, and trees, etc.
- Most Eastern Site of this Civilization was – Alamgirpur (Western Uttar Pradesh)
- Western Site – Sut Kandor
- Northern Site- Manda (J&K)
- Southern Site- Daimabad (Maharashtra)
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This civilization is known with these three names-
- Indus Civilization
- Indus Valley Civilization
- Harappa Civilization
- More than 1000 sites were found of this Civilization.
- Harappa was discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921.
- Mohenjodaro (one of the major sites, near river Indus in Sindh) was discovered by R. D. Banerjee in 1922.
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Major Indus Valley Sites
MAJOR SITES | RIVER | PLACE |
Harappa | Ravi | Punjab |
Mohenjo-Daro | Indus | Sindh |
Lothal | Bhogawa | Gujarat |
Alamgirpur | Hindon | Western UP |
Sut Kangedor | Dashka | Makran Coast |
Daimabad | Paravara River | Maharashtra |
Manda | Chenab | J&K |
Kalibangam | Ghaggar | Rajasthan |
Dholavira | Luni or Runn of Kacchh | Gujarat |
Banawali | Saraswati | Haryana |
Chanhu-Daro | Indus | Sindh |
Decline Theory
- Aryan Invasion- Given by Wheeler (Not Accepted)
- Change in River Course- Given by Dales (Not Accepted)
- Flood- Given by Mackey (Not Accepted)
- Ecological Disturbance –Given by Fair Service (Accepted theory)